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The Kremlin

The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow. It is the oldest historical and architectural center of Moscow.

First it was a wooden fortress. Under Dmitry Donskoy the Kremlin was built of white stone. During the reign of Ivan III the walls of white stone were replaced by new red brick walls and towers. The Tsar invited Italian architects to construct the cathedrals. The Assumption Cathedral was built in 1475 -1479 and all Russian Tsars and Emperors were crowned there. The Archangel Cathedral was the burial place of the Russian Princes and Tsars. The Annunciation Cathedral was built in 1484. It is famous for the icons painted by Andrey Rublev and his apprentices.

Ivan the Great is the Bell Tower, one of the most remarkable structures of the 16-th century. It rises in the center of the Kremlin. It unites all the Kremlin Cathedrals into a majestic ensemble.

On the stone pedestal at the foot of the Bell Tower there is a Tsar-Bell – the largest bell in the world. Not far from it one can see a Tsar Cannon.

Another fine example of Russian architecture is the Faceted Palace. It was built in 1487-91. One of the well-known Kremlin museums is the Armory Chamber. It was built in 1851. The famous golden cap of Monomach, the first Russian imperial crown of Catherine II, made of gilt silver and many other precious historical items are exhibited there