СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ
(The Passive Voice)
Упражнение 1. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
Example. Marmalade is made from apples. – Is marmalade made from apples? – Marmalade isn’t made from apples.
1) The place is cleaned up.
2) They are invited to a birthday party.
3) The fax is sent.
4) The book is published.
5) Litter is thrown away every day.
6) Water is polluted.
7) Animals are hurt.
8) The trees are cut down to make new paper.
9) Baby trees are damaged by hairs.

Упражнение 2. Rewrite the sentences in the Passive.
Example. We test each piece of equipment very carefully. – Each piece of equipment is tested very carefully.
1) We keep all the documents in perfect order.
2) The managers usually arrange everything in good time (своевременно).
3) He fulfills the orders in time.
4) We use the old methods, that‘s why we waste a lot of time.
5) He usually writes letters with a pen.
6) They always tell us something interesting.
7) We pay them twice a month.
8) Someone wants you on the phone.
9) Many people dislike this show.
10) They collect (the) rubbish every day.

Упражнение 3. Read the sentences and justify the use of by and with. Then fill in by or with.
Example. This dress is designed by Donna Karan.
1) Tricks are performed … clowns at the circus.
2) Independence Day is celebrated … American on July 4.
3) The suspect (подозреваемый) is arrested … police.
4) He is killed … a knife.
5) The soap is eaten … a spoon.
6) The cake was beautifully decorated … chocolate roses.

exercise 2.1.all the documents are kept in perfect order2.everything is usually arranged in good time3.the orders are fulfilled in time4.the old methods are used,that's  why a lot of time is wasted5.letters are usually written with a pen6.we are always told something interesing or something is always told us interesting7.they are paid twice a month8.you are wanted on the phone9.this show is disliked 10.the rubbish is collected every dayexercise31.by 2.by 3.by 4.with 5.with 6.by