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To smoke or not to smoke?
Laws that ban smoking in public places are not exactly a new idea. One of the world’s first smoking bans was
introduced in 1575, when the Roman Catholic Church passed a law that made it illegal to smoke in any church
in the Spanish colonies of Central America. In the eighteenth century, a number of German and Austrian cities
also banned smoking, not in specific locations or buildings, but anywhere in the city. Some of these bans were
based on ideas about health. Others were more concerned with safety. The Old Government Building in
Wellington, New Zealand banned smoking in the 19th century because the building was made entirely of
wood; smoking was a fire risk.
In the second half of the twentieth century, campaigns began to make people aware of the health dangers of
smoking, and the concept of passive smoking – or breathing other people’s smoke – became a widespread
concern. As a result, governments passed laws in the 1970s to control the use of tobacco, and restaurants and
other public places began to create smoking and non-smoking sections. But it wasn’t until the late 1990s that
public smoking bans became widespread. California led the way in the US when it became the first US state to
prohibit smoking in all public places in 1998. By 2010, nearly eighty percent of American states had
introduced smoking bans. Elsewhere, ventilation systems were installed in public places, and smokers’
lounges were created as alternatives to complete bans.
Not everyone is happy about the introduction of smoking bans. Not surprisingly, tobacco companies,
restaurants and bars are concerned about losing business because of the new restrictions. Smokers often
complain that by limiting the places where they can smoke, smoking bans unfairly limit their freedom. Plus, it
is difficult to break the habit and give up smoking. But nowadays most people accept the overwhelming
scientific evidence that smoking harms our health and can cause lung and heart disease. Furthermore, research
shows that smoking bans have resulted in a reduction in smoking-related diseases and deaths. We shall have to
see whether in the future every country in the world will follow suit and impose bans on smoking in public
places.
1 One of the earliest anti-smoking laws prohibited smoking
a anywhere in Central American cities.
b in wooden churches around the world.
c in churches in Mexico and other Spanish colonies.
d in Spanish colonies around the world.
2 In modern times laws about smoking were introduced because
a smokers wanted special areas to smoke in.
b governments wanted to publicise the health dangers of smoking.
c of fears about second-hand smoke.
d more and more people started smoking.
3 The smoking ban in California was important because
a it set an example for other US states.
b it made use of ventilation technology.
c it wasn’t possible to smoke in 80% of public places.
d restaurants had to create smokers’ lounges.5
4 Many smokers feel that
a it is difficult to prove that smoking has a negative effect on health.
b it is impossible to change people’s habits.
c they are not consulted about anti-smoking laws.
d people should be free to choose where they want to smoke.
5 According to research, smoking bans
a will be imposed in all countries in the future.
b are most effective in public places.
c make it easier to stop smoking.
d have had a positive effect on people’s health

Ответ:

1. c

2. c

3. a

4. d

5. d

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