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MOVING TOWARDS THE ARTIFICIAL EAR
Physicians are now able to help many deaf persons regain at least some of their hearing thanks to several new types of prosthetic devices. The strides that have been made after long and complex research point towards a day when non-functioning ears will be replaced by equally effective artificial substitutes.
Dr. Jacob Sade who may have been known long ago for his works on ear diseases has developed an artificial replacement for the most fragile bone of the middle ear. The bone, called the stapes, is one of a trio of tiny bones that work in sequence to transmit sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear. A physical impact or even a bad inflammation of the middle ear can destroy the stapes. Replacing the bone is difficult; prostheses are tricky to implant and are often rejected by the body. Sade's prostheses called the Tabor may overcome these problems.
The Tabor is more anatomical than other prostheses; the device closely matches the triangular shape of its natural counterpart. Sade's original design called for a base of ceramic attached to a tiny piece of bone snipped from another bone in the middle ear. The artificial part of the Tabor device made it easy to stabilize it within the ear, while the bone section lessened the chance of rejection by the body. Sade has successfully implanted this device in several patients and is going to continue the work.
1. How can physicians help deaf people regain their hearing?
2. How are sound waves transmitted into the inner ear? How may the process be destroyed?
3. Why is replacement of the stapes difficult?
4. What composition and structure has the Tabor device got?
5. What are the advantages of the Tabor device?
6. What results has Dr. Sade obtained?
Задание 3. Revise the text and make up questions to find out in detail about:
 the problems of deaf people
 the techniques that help regain hearing;
 the causes of destruction of the stapes;
 the consequences of destruction of the stapes;
 the function of the stapes the problems that arise in replacing the stapes;
 the Tabor device composition and structure;
 the advantages of the Tabor device