11. Выпишите из текста английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выраже-ний:

Производство благ, распределение, потребление товаров и услуг, в больших количествах, удовлетворение их нужд, экономические блага, при-родные (бесплатные) блага, доставляются, услуги предоставляются, дефицит, состояние экономики, процветает, во время (экономического) бума, потреби-тели, покупают предметы роскоши, во время (экономического) спада, безра-ботица, доходы, деятельность правительства, играет важную роль.

12. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:

l. Is economics an old science?
2. What is economics?
3. What does wealth comprise?
4. When does consumption of goods rise and fall?
5. Do the actions of the government influence the economy of the country?


Economics Economics is the oldest of all the social sciences. The study of this science helps people to understand the development of civilization and modem economic situation. Economics is the study of the production of wealth and the distribution and consumption of goods and services in a society. Wealth comprises goods and services. Goods are things people produce and use. Manufacturing goods and growing agricultural products in large quantities aim at selling them to the people and satisfying their needs. There are economic goods and free goods. Economic goods are the things people buy. They are cars, TV sets, cassette-recorders, food products, clothes and others. Free goods are things that people have without paying for them. They are air, sunshine, and water in rivers and streams. Services are also provided to meet the public needs. A society has postal, fi-nancial, repair, transport services, communications, training, etc. At present the na-tional economies of many countries are shifting to services and high-technology businesses. Goods and services are distributed among the people in a society and the parts of a country. Products are delivered to shops, cafes, restaurants, cinemas and other businesses. Services are supplied to individuals, groups of people, and organ-izations. Economics deals with the methods of distribution of goods and services and the problem of their scarcity. Consumption is buying and using things and services. The level of consump-tion depends on the state of the economy. When a country prospers in the boom days, consumers have a lot of money and purchase many things including luxury items. In a recession unemployment rises, incomes fall; consumers buy fewer things and prefer cheaper items. Economics also deals with the system according to which the money, indus-try, agriculture and trade of a nation are organized. A country's economy is the wealth that it gets from business and industry. The economy comprises people, companies, the government and local authorities. The activities of the government play an important part in the economic sphere. The actions of the government in-fluence production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The profession of an economist is very important in modern life. Economists develop models of the working of the economy. They predict economic trends and help the government and companies to take decisions in economic policy and busi-ness.

№ 11  производство благ-the production of wealth   распределение-the distribution  потребление товаров и услуг-the cosumption of goods and services  в больших количествах-in large quantities  удовлетворение их нужд-satisfying their needs  экономические блага-economic goods  природные(бесплатные) блага-free goods  доставляются-are delivered  услуги предоставляются-services are provided  дефицит-scarcity  состояние экономики-the state of the economy  процветает-prospers  во время (экономического) бума-in the boom days  потребители-consumers  покупают предметы роскоши-purchase luxury items  во время (экономического) спада-in a recession  безработица-unemployment  доходы-icomes  деятельность правительства- the activities of the government  играет важную роль-is very important                                        №12   1Yes, it is. The economics is the oldest of all the social sciences  2Economics is the study of the production of wealth and the distribution and cosumption of goods and services in a society.  3 The wealth comprises people, companies, the government and local authorities.  4When a country prospers the consumption of goods rises and in the recession it falls.  5Yes, they do. The actions of the government influence production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.