1.court 2.requirements 3.substantive 4.competence 5.administrative 6.proceedings 7.offences 8.judicial function 9.executive 10.review 11.enabled 12.quash 13.decision A disciplinary or ________ body can have the characteristics of a “tribunal” within the autonomous meaning of Article 6, even if it is not termed a “tribunal” or “________ ” in the domestic system. In the Court’s case law a tribunal is characterized in the ________ sense of the term by its ________, that is to say, determining matters within its ________ on the basis of rules of law and after ________ conducted in a prescribed manner. It must also satisfy a series of further ________ - independence, in particular of the ________; impartiality; duration of its members’ terms of office; guarantees afforded by its procedure. Conferring the prosecution and punishment of minor “criminal”________ on administrative authorities is not inconsistent with the Convention provided that the person concerned is ________ to take any ________ thus made against him before a tribunal that does offer the guarantees of Article. Therefore, decisions taken by administrative authorities, which do not themselves, satisfy the requirements of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention must be subject to subsequent ________ by a “judicial body that has full jurisdiction”. The defining characteristics of such a body include the power to ________ in all respects, on questions of fact and law, the decision of the body below.

1) Appellate court (court of appeals, appeals court) - this is where a case is reviewed which has already been heard in a lower court.

2) Crown court - this is where serious criminal cases are heard by a judge and a jury in the UK.

3) High court - this is usually the highest court in a jurisdiction, the court of last resort.

4) Juvenile court - this is where a person under the age of 18 would be tried.

5) Lower court (court of first instance) - tis is the court of primary jurisdiction, where a case is herad for the first time.

6) Magistrates' court - this is where small crimes are tried in the UK.

7) Moot court - this is where law students argue hypothetical cases.

8) Small-claims court - this is where cases involving a limited amount of money are handled.

9) Tribunal - this is where a group of specially chosen people examine legal problems of a particular type, such as employment disputes.