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    The history of medicine in Ukraine begins with the
    history of folk medicine.

    The first medical hospitals in Kyiv Rus were founded
    in the 11 th century and were mostly in the form of alms = houses attached to
    churches.

    In the 14th and 15th centuries new hospitals were
    built and many physicians gave the first aid to the inhabitants of Ukraine and
    the sol­diers of Bogdan Khmelnytsky's troops.

    As the number of physicians was inadequate some
    medical schools which trailed specialists were opened. Kyiv Academy was founded
    in 1632. It played a prominent role in the development of the Ukrainian
    medicine. Many graduates of the Academy continued to enrich their knowledge
    abroad and received their doctors' de­grees there. Many former students of this
    Academy have become the well-known scientists. They are the epidemiologist D.
    S. Samoilovych, the obstetrician N, M. Ambodyk-Maximovych, the podiatrist S. F.
    Chotovytsky, the anatomist 0. M. Shumlyansky and many .others.

    At the end of the I8th and during the 19th centuries
    the medical departments were formed at the Universities of Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv
    and Odesa. The total number of physicians has increased m Ukraine. The medicine
    of Zemstvo was widely used at that time.

    During the Crimean War (1854-1856), upon Pirogov's
    initiative the first detachment of nurses was trained and sent to Sevastopol to
    help its defenders. It gave the beginning of the organization "Red
    Cross".

    In 1686 the first bacteriological station was
    organized in Odesa which was of great importance in the development of
    microbiology and epidemiology. The famous scientists I. I. Mechnikov and M. F.
    Gamaliya worked at this station and succeeded much in their investigations.
    Inspite of favourable conditions for the successful development of natural
    sciences in Russia many outstanding scientists worked in Ukraine. It is known
    that the brilliant scientist M. I. Pirogov and his followers, as V. O.
    Karavayev, O. F. Shimanovsky, M. V. Sklifosovsky and others made valuable
    contribution in the Ukrainian medicine.

    The famous scientists V. P. Obraztsov and M. D.
    Strazhesko were founders of Kyiv therapeutist’ school. They made a huge
    progress in the field of cardiology Winch was done in the treatment of many eye
    diseases by the prominent scientist, academician V. P. Filatov who founded the
    Institute of Eye diseases in Odesa. Many other outstand­ing scientists worked
    in Ukraine whose names are well known m the world.


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