Translate the text into Russian in written form.






Since individuals
typically earn their
incomes from working for companies whose requirements are
constantly changing, it is quite possible that at any given time not
all members of a country's potential work
force will
be able to find an employer that
needs their labor. This would be less problematic in an economy in
which such individuals had unlimited access to
resources such as land in order to provide for themselves, but when
the ownership of the bulk of its productive capacity resides in
relatively few hands, most individuals will be dependent on
employment for their economic well-being. It is typical for true
capitalist economies to have rates of
unemployment that fluctuate between
3% and 15%. Some economists have used the term "natural
rate of unemployment"
to describe this phenomenon.

Depressed or stagnant economies
have been known to reach unemployment rates as high as 30%, while
events such as military mobilization (a good example is that of World
War II) have resulted in just 1-2% unemployment, a level that is
often termed "full
employment".
Typical unemployment rates in Western economies range between
5% and 10%. Some economists consider that a certain level of
unemployment is necessary for the proper functioning
of capitalist economies. Equally, some politicians have claimed that
the "natural rate of unemployment" highlights the
inefficiency of a capitalist economy, since not all its resources –
in this case human labor – are being allocated efficiently.

Some libertarian economists
argue that higher unemployment rates are in
part the
result of minimum wage laws, as well as in part the result
of misguided
monetary policy,
and are not inevitable in
a capitalist economy. They also claim that if the value of the
productive capacity of a given employee is worth less to the employer
than the minimum wage, that person will become unemployed, and
therefore unemployment will exist whenever the legal minimum
wage exceeds the
true economic value of the least productive members of the
labor pool. Likewise,
if the amount of money a person can obtain on welfare approaches
or equals what they could make by working, that person's incentive to
work will be reduced.

Some unemployment is
voluntary, such as when a potential job is turned
down because
the unemployed person is seeking a better job, is voluntarily living
on savings,
or has a non-wage-earning role, such as in the case of a
traditional homemaker.
Some measures of employment disregard these
categories of unemployment, counting only people who are actively
seeking work and have been unable to find any.










READ AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. What is the natural rate of unemployment?

2. What sort of events can lead to full
employment?

3. How can minimum wage laws affect
unemployment rates?

4. When will person's incentive to work be
reduced?






3. Write down 5 sentences with the verb to
be and translate them into Russian.


Example: He will be a good specialist. Он
будет хорошим специалистом.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)




4. Put am, is, are,
do, or does into the gaps and translate
the sentences into Russian.






I … a bank manager.

… he like his job?

Where … they live?

… she very rich?
Why
… you want to learn English?

What … he do at weekends?

They … always busy.






5. Put the words in the correct order to make
sentences.






we restaurant go a often evenings Friday to on

don’t telephone I is remember what his number

always to in go we the Sea summer Black

rock doesn’t his music father like

surname how spell do your you?

policeman from is John a New York

mountains sister skiing goes the in my






6. Complete the sentences with a negative.

Example: I like swimming, but I don’t
like tennis.






He likes coffee, but he ... … ….

I speak French, but I … … ….

Mr and Mrs Green have a son, but they … … ….

Tom speaks Spanish, but he … … ….

Sue likes cats, but she … … ….