V. В следующих предложениях сказуемое используется в а) Present Simple, b) Past Simple, c) Present Perfect, d) Past Perfect.

1. Christianity helped introduce Byzantine culture to Russia. b) Past Simple. 2. Moscow has contributed greatly to the development of Russian and world scholarship. c) Present Perfect. 3. The Summer Gardens contains a very old and unique collection of Italian sculptures. а) Present Simple. 4. Russia borders on many countries, such as Mongolia and China in the southeast, Finland and Norway in the northwest, and so on. а) Present Simple.