Ex. 38. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах: 1. The first prize was won by John. 2.

Пассивный залог (Passive Voice)

     Пассивный залог указывает, что лицо/предмет, выраженное подлежащим, является не производителем действия, а испытывает действие на себе.

     Пассивный залог употребляется в тех случаях, когда:

• неизвестно, кто совершил действие;
• исполнитель очевиден;
• важно действие/результат, а не тот, кто его совершил;
• произошло что-то нехорошее, но говорящий не хочет обвинять в этом какого-то конкретного человека.

Образование пассивного залога

     При построении предложений с пассивным залогом нужно помнить, что:

• утвердительная форма строится по схеме: предмет/человек + to be в нужном лице, числе и времени + 3-я форма глагола (для правильных глаголов: начальная форма + -ed; формы неправильных глаголов нужно запоминать);
• для формирования отрицания после вспомогательного глагола ставится not;
• в вопросах вспомогательный глагол перемещается на первое место в предложении.

Приступим в выполнению задания:

1. The first prize wasn`t won by John. - Was the first prize won by John?

2. Our exercises aren`t corrected each night by the teacher. - Are our exercises corrected each night by the teacher?

3. The mail isn`t delivered at ten o’clock. - Is the mail delivered at ten o’clock?

4. The construction of the bridge won`t be finished this year. - Will the construction of the bridge be finished this year?

5. The contract won`t be signed tomorrow. - Will the contract be signed tomorrow?

6. His report wasn`t listened to with great interest. - Was his report listened to with great interest? 

7. The film isn`t much spoken about. - Is the film much spoken about?

8. All the letters aren`t looked through by the secretary. (или: Not all the letters are looked through by the secretary.) - Are all the letters looked through by the secretary?

9. All these books weren`t published by this publishing house. (или: Not all these books were published by this publishing house.) - Were all these books published by this publishing house?  

 

 

1. The first prize was won by John. Was the first prize won by John? The first prize was not won by John.2. Our exercises are corrected each night by the teacher. Are our exercises corrected each night by the teacher? Our exercises are not corrected each night by the teacher.3. The mail is delivered at ten o’clock. Is the mail delivered at ten o\'clock? The mail is not delivered at ten o\'clock.4. The construction of the bridge will be finished this year. Will the construction of the bridge be finished this year? The construction of the bridge will not be finished this year.5. The contract will be signed tomorrow. Will the contract be signed tomorrow? The contract will not be signed tomorrow.6. His report was listened to with great interest. Was his report listened to with great interest? His report was not listened to with great interest.7. The film is much spoken about. Is the film much spoken about? The film is not much spoken about.8. All the letters are looked through by the secretary. Are all the letters looked through by the secretary? All the letters are not looked through by the secretary.9. All these books were published by this publishing house. Were all these books published by this polishing house? All the books were not published by this polishing house.