1) Na + 2H₂O = 2NaOH + H₂; Na⁰ + 2H₂O = 2Na⁺ + 2OH⁻ + H₂.2) NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H₂O;
Na⁺ + OH⁻ + H⁺ +
Cl⁻ =
Na⁺ +
Cl⁻ + H₂O; OH⁻ + H⁺ = H₂O.3) 2NaOH + CO₂ = Na₂CO₃ + H₂O;
2Na⁺ + 2OH⁻ + CO₂ =
2Na⁺ + CO₃²⁻ + H₂O; 2OH⁻ + CO₂ = CO₃²⁻ + 2H₂O.4) Na₂CO₃ + SO₂ = Na₂SO₃ + CO₂;
2Na⁺ + CO₃²⁻ + SO₂ =
2Na⁺ + SO₃²⁻ + CO₂; CO₃²⁻ + SO₂ = SO₃²⁻ + CO₂.